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The issue of prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients
BERNATÍKOVÁ, Andrea
Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients. Aims of the thesis: Find out which interventions nurses are practicing to prevent pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients. Explore the nurses' experience in treating pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients. Methodology and research set: To achieve the objectives, research questions were created. What are the interventions used to prevent pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients? What is the experience of nurses in treating pressure ulcers in the selected institutes? The empirical part of this bachelor´s thesis was created using a qualitative research method. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews which were conducted with nurses at selected departments of three hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. The research sample "nurses" consists of 15 nurses in total, each with a minimal experience of 3 years. The interviews were complemented by a long-term direct, participant observation involving 5 nurses from one of the three South Bohemian hospitals in the selected department. The data obtained were processed using the pen and paper interviewing method (PAPI). Open coding was used and the data were then sorted into eight categories and 15 subcategories. Results: The results of the survey showed that the nurses encounter the issue of pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients almost on daily basis. Nurses were able to list the interventions used in the prevention of pressure ulcers among the geriatric patients. Our investigation revealed that some nurses did not take the same action in practice when compared to their statements and described their practices in treating pressure ulcers among geriatric patients only in theory. They are knowledgeable about treating pressure ulcers patients but in practice they do not abide by certain principles. These include the use of protective equipment during bandaging, adherence to indications, communication with the patient, monitoring the patient's general condition, maintaining sterility, supervision and care of the area around pressure ulcers. Recommendations for practice: We recommend the inclusion of more courses about the topic of pressure ulcers in nurse education as it is essential to have sufficient information and regular education to provide quality care. We also recommend that in addition to theoretical knowledge nurses should be given practical training in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.
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Polypharmacy in the old age - prevalence, risk factors
Klofáčová, Aneta ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
Introduction: Population is demographically aging and proportion of older adults in the society increases. Also the number of sick persons raises, and the high consumption of drugs and polypharmacotherapy in old age are global problems. The definition of polypharmacotherapy is not uniform. Most commonly it is defined as the use of 5 or more drugs simultaneously. In the scientific literature we also see the term "excessive polypharmacotherapy". This is defined as the use of 10 or more drugs simultaneously. Polymorbidity, irrational indications, wrong diagnostics of drug-related problems, but also changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics common in the old age contribute to polypharmacotherapy. It is important that pharmacotherapy in the old age must be simple, effective and safe. Methods: Using the electronic database PubMed, all studies on the subject "Polypharmacotherapy in Old Age" published in 2005-2015 were reviewed. The data were summarized in tables. Studies that included causal factors (predictors) of polypharmacotherapy were also evaluated. The most frequently prescribed drugs in geriatric patients with polypharmacotherapy were recorded in a separate table. Results: In this diploma thesis, the prevalence of polypharmacotherapy was compared from 81 studies. We found that the...
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Social care in conjunction with home care as public interest and basic pillar of elderly care in Czech Republic
Dušková, Kateřina ; Válková, Monika (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis deals with the security system care services and other related services, including informal care for seniors in the Czech Republic. The aim of the work is to evaluate, describe and offer a closer understanding of nursing as a basic social care service in connection with the principle of shared care in a natural home environment for seniors as the ideal form of care for the elderly at present and due to the demographic development in the future. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part covers three main topics: day care service system in the Czech Republic, seniors as a target group of caring and sharing and municipalities and their role in caring for the elderly. The practical part is devoted to the research, which focuses on the relationship of care services and communities from the perspective of potential service users, ie. the elderly. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods is used in the research and interprets the results of the survey conducted among the elderly in three senior clubs in Prague 17. The research complements the findings mentioned in the theoretical part.
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